Advanced industrial countries such as Germany,Denmark and Taiwan have faced the problem of waste disposal. Hence, to overcome this problems, the country has introduced several measures waste recycling.
RECYCLING IN GERMANY
Germany is among the most advanced industrial countries in Europe. Production, distribution and consumption of goods has created problemsof environmental pollution.
In Germany the recycling of solid waste have been implemented long ago. Germany had to enforce the law, called the ordinance packaging. Under this regulation, all manufacturers and the distributor of the goods delivered to customers such as shopping complexes. The legislation was to encourage manufacturers and distributors, recycling and reusing items considered abandoned.
Apart from its own collection of packaging their products, manufacturers and distributors can also hire a collection agency in a program called 'Duales System Deutchland GmBH'. Through this program, manufacturers mark all their goods box with a green or 'Green Dots'. To accompany this program manufacturers pay dues to the tax agency. The tax agency will cite the box is to be discharged to manufacturers.
In Germany, there are three ways to collect waste for recycling. First, by providing a site collection and recycling bins on main roads in the area of factories, businesses and housing. Second, people can fill materials to be recycled in a plastic bag semulake mempunyailogo 'Green Dot', which was free. This bag is attached at the gate to facilitate the collection agencies collect.Third, people can also take materials for recycling continues to collection.
RECYCLING IN DENMARK
Denmark currently produces 13 million tons of solid waste each year. On average, every person in this country produces 7 pounds of solid waste per day. In this country the recycling activities are controlled and monitored by a designated agency 'Denmark Environmental Protection Agency' or Denmark EPA.
In 1997, the Danish government to ban the dumping of waste in open landfills for waste may be disposed of using incineration. This regulation has encouraged all parties to increase the recycling activities.
In 1998 Denmark initiated a 'WASTE 21. In 1999, the government has been enforcing the law 'Affaldsbekendtgoerelsen 1999. Other measures include programs waste tax, green tax program, the deposit return program and waste subsidy program.
- The following is a recycling program in Denmark
a) Affaldsbekendtgoerelsen 1999
OBJECTIVE~enforce the law that defines waste, explain the types, and describes how the local authority efficiently manage solid waste in their area.
b) waste 21
OBJECTIVE~ describe how to recycle an efficient and effective.
c) waste tax programme.
OBJECTIVE~ impose a tax to the party who wants to dispose of any waste type.
d) green tax programme
OBJECTIVE~ impose a tax on the party seeking to dispose of solid waste that is not easily broken, such as plastic packaging, plastic bags, politerina, stirofom and battery.
e)deposit return programme
OBJECTIVE~ require manufacturers to pay a deposit to the government when producing a product that can be recycled such as bottles. This deposit will be returned to the manufacturer if they recycle products after use.
f) waste subsidy programme
OBJECTIVE~ financial assistance by the government to depress the development of recycling technologies.
RECYCLING IN TAIWAN
Taiwan is a country of small indusrtri and highly populated. Industrial and economic activity that many people produce a lot of waste in the form of solid and liquid wastes that can affect the environment.Disposal of solid waste directly to landfill no longer suitable openly carried out in the country as the land fills are decreasing. This method is not clean. Therefore, Taiwan is encouraging recycling activities.
In Taiwan, the campaign to promote recycling activities organized by the Environmental Protection Agency Taiwan or Taiwan EPA.Recycling measures in the country include the preparation and dissemination of the Guidelines on Recycling, Waste Disposal Act and the enforcement of the 4 in 1 programme.
Review Guidelines describe the method of cycle storage, recycling guidelines, collecting and processing solid waste. Waste Disposal Act requires manufacturers and importers are responsible for disposal of their products.In the 4 in 1 Programme, the government encourages the cooperation of four parties, the community, city authorities, the voluntary recycling in recycling activities.
Recycling activities in Taiwan have resulted in two major benefits. First, economic benefits, namely the production of the raw materials from waste, business opportunities and the work of collecting and recycling. Second, social benefits of a cleaner environment
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